Laser Literature Review Compiled by Dr Igor Cernavin, Prosthodontist, Honorary Senior Fellow University of Melbourne School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences. Altuhafy, Maryam and coworkers1 published a systematic review which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in dental injections for pain management in patients undergoing dental treatment and found that it may help reduce needle pain related to dental anesthesia. Abdulaziz et al2 compared the effects of two laser motion modes versus conventional orthodontic ceramic brackets debonding on enamel surface topography. Kurrappan and coworkers3 evaluated the latest research on the use of Methylene Blue (MB)-mediated A-PDT to decrease microbial count and enhance clinical results in chronic periodontitis. They found that it shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis. Kwasna et al4 published a review on the use of lasers in prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed partial dentures. The abstract is reproduced in full. Laser, an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, is a powerful tool with diverse applications in modern dentistry. It emits monochromatic, coherent light resulting from photon-induced chain reactions. Available dental lasers include diode, argon, Er,Cr:YSGG, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and CO2. The unique property of these lasers, allowing them to be effectively used on both soft and hard tissues based on the operational parameters, positions them as particularly suited for a wide range of dental procedures. Compared to traditional methods, lasers offer advantages such as improved hemostasis and quicker wound healing. Such benefits stress the shift towards laser technology in dental treatment. In the realm of dental prosthodontics, which focuses on esthetics, functionality, and the physiological aspects of dental prostheses, lasers provide promising outcomes. Among the prosthetic options, fixed partial dentures stand out for their ability to mimic natural teeth, offering both esthetic and functional features, leading to satisfactory long-term outcomes if managed properly. This review paper delves into the specific application of laser technology in the context of prosthetic rehabilitation involving fixed partial dentures. By investigating intraoral laser procedures, it contributes to understanding laser's role in improving patients' satisfaction and clinical efficiency in this field. Saini and coworkers5 assessed the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in enhancing bone integration with dental implants and found that it could improve implant stability, Pourmahmoudian et al6 published a study to assess the shear bond strength of resin composite to enamel after a bleaching process using hydrogen peroxide, with and without a laser (970 nm and 445 nm lasers). They found that office bleaching with a 445 nm laser weakened the shear bond strength between the enamel and the composite. Suliman and coworkers7 evaluated and compared the time required for the Er:YAG laser to debond zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns bonded with a 2- and 1-bottle adhesive resin cement systems given that using rotary instruments to remove such restorations for any purpose has proven to be challenging. They found that ER:YAG lasers may efficiently debond these ceramics from the tooth structure, independent of the bonding process used for bonding them. Papadopoulou et al8 evaluated the effectiveness of a laser-assisted in-office tooth bleaching treatment, employing a diode laser (445nm) using different power and time settings. They found that laser irradiation significantly increased DeltaEpsilon00 when the duration of operation was 50-60s at 0.5-1W, while at 1.5-2W was significantly increased when the duration was 30-60s. DeltaWID was significantly higher in the laser groups compared to the control group at all powers, except for 0.5W where it was significantly higher when the duration was 50-60s. The outcomes of the study can help in selecting the suitable power settings and duration of laser exposure to achieve the optimal whitening results while ensuring the safety of the tooth pulp. tooth color change (DeltaEpsilon00) and whiteness index in dentistry (DeltaWID). Feng and coworkers9 published a review of the literature to evaluate whether Er:YAG laser irradiation has the potential to prevent enamel caries. They concluded that after Er:YAG laser irradiation, enamel could maintain higher surface microhardness in acidic environments, as well as smaller lesion depth and less mineral loss, revealing its potential in preventing enamel caries. However, the effect of laser irradiation on the release of calcium ions in acidic solutions and the surface microhardness of demineralised enamel was not significant. Mastrangelo et al10 investigated the effects of LLLT on IL-37 (a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine),in periodontal disease management. They found that although LLLT is widely recommended for its biostimulatory and anti-inflammatory roles, it only showed additional short-term merits in reducing the pocket depth after conventional SRP. Atilan Yavuz and coworkers11 evaluated the microleakage of light-cured and self-cured adhesives on enamel surfaces selectively etched with Er, Cr: YSGG laser or 35% phosphoric acid. They concluded that phosphoric acid etching provides better results than laser etching for enamel surface treatment on both occlusal and gingival surfaces. This study by Afreen et al12 evaluated and compared the effectiveness of root surface calculus removal between ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser. They concluded that compared to ultrasonics, Er,Cr:YSGG laser demonstrated superior results by causing precise removal of root surface calculus without significantly affecting tooth structure and aiding in new attachment.
References
1. Altuhafy, Maryam; Baig, Virda; (...); Khan, Junad. The efficacy of photobiomodulation on dental injection pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. 2024-junJournal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine 24 (3) , pp. Performance of two laser motion modes versus conventional orthodontic ceramic brackets debonding technique on enamel surface topography.
2. Abdulaziz, Alarifi; El-Kholy, Moataz Mohamed; (...); Shehab, Karim A Performance of two laser motion modes versus conventional orthodontic ceramic brackets debonding technique on enamel surface topography. . .2024-06-13Lasers in medical sciencearrow_drop_down 39 (1) , pp.156 145-159.
3. Karuppan Perumal, Manoj Kumar; Rajan Renuka, Remya and Manickam Natarajan, Prabhu. Evaluating the potency of laser-activated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing methylene blue as a treatment approach for chronic periodontitis. 2024-05-30Frontiers in oral health 5 , pp.1407201.
4. Kwasna, Magdalena; Clapinska, Paulina; (...); Ordyniec-Kwasnica, Iwona. Intraoral Applications of Lasers in the Prosthetic Rehabilitation with Fixed Partial Dentures-A Narrative Review. 2024 05-31Dentistry journal arowdrop_down 12 (6).
5. Saini, Ravinder S; Kanji, Masroor Ahmed; (...); Heboyan, Artak. Comparative Efficacy of Photobiomodulation on Osseointegration in Dental Implants: A systematic review and meta analysis. 2024-jun-22Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapyarrow_drop_down , pp.104256.
6. Pourmahmoudian, Reza; Solimei, Luca; (...); Shahabi, Sima. The Effect of Two Different Wavelengths of Diode Laser on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Dental Enamel after Bleaching Process: An In Vitro Study. 2024-06-01Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)arrow_drop_down 11 (6).
7. Suliman, Sama; Sulaiman, Taiseer; (...); Narhi, Timo. Effect of Er:YAG laser on debonding zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns bonded with 2- and 1-bottle adhesive resin cements. 2024-jun-25Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]arrow drop down.
8. Papadopoulou, Aggeliki; Dionysopoulos, Dimitrios; (...); Tolidis, Kosmas. Exploring the efficacy of laser-assisted in-office tooth bleaching: A study on varied irradiation times and power settings utilizing a diode laser (445nm). 2024-jun-28Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. Biologyarrow_drop_down 257, pp.112970.
9. Feng, Zhiyuan; Yuan, Rui; (...); Hao, Zhaonan. Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Preventing Enamel Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024-augInternational dental journalarrow_drop_down 74 (4) , pp.679-687. Mastrangelo, Filiberto; Dioguardi, Mario; (...); Lo Muzio, Lorenzo. IL-37 evaluation in chronic periodontitis after periodontal treatment with and without low level laser therapy. 2024 junMinerva dental and oral sciencearrow_drop_down 73 (3) , pp.149-154.
10. Atilan Yavuz, Sevim; Erturk Avunduk, Ayse Tugba; (...); Delikan, Ebru. Impact of acid and laser etching of enamel on microleakage in different adhesive systems. 2024-07-15Lasers in medical sciencearrow_drop_down 39 (1) , pp.181.
11. Jannath, Afreen; Sundaram, Rajasekar; (...); Sivapragasam, Srinivasan. Efficacy of ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on root surface calculus removal: A comparative in vitro field emission scanning electron microscope study. 2024-04-28Journal of advanced periodontology & implant dentistry 16 (1) , pp.9-14.
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