Latest Literature Review
The latest literature review has been prepared by Dr Igor Cernavin and you can download it at the link below or read the text below in this email.
Compiled by Dr Igor Cernavin, Prosthodontist, Honorary Senior Fellow University of Melbourne School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Director and Cofounder of the Asia Pacific Institute of Dental Education and Research (AIDER), Australian representative of World Federation of Laser Dentistry (WFLD).
Kornbilt1 published an article which readers may find useful on the use of the Er:Yag laser in aesthetic dentistry. Topics covered include correction of gingival smile line, treatment of oral hyperpigmentation, improvement of the colour of the gingivae, treatment of secondary caries around laminate veneers, debonding of veneers and tooth whitening.
Aimetti et2 carried out a study to analyze the adjunctive clinical efficacy of 980-nm diode laser irradiation in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis with mechanical debridement. They concluded that it did not yield any statistically significant clinical benefit as compared to non-surgical mechanical treatment alone in controlling peri-implant inflammation at 3 months.
Garrido and coworkers3 examined the effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the extracellular matrix of human dental pulp cell sheets. They found that when applied in the lower energy density, it could be of importance in the determination of their mechanical quality.
Del Vecchio et al4 analyzed a home, low-level laser therapy protocol to manage temporomandibular joint disorders related pain using B-cure Dental Pro: 808 nm, 5 J/min, 250 mW, 15 KHz, 40 J each, over the pain area twice daily. Their results supported the efficacy of home LLLT management of TMJD related pain.
Lo Giudice and coworkers5 carried out a study to assess if low-level laser therapy alleviated pain after the placement of orthodontic alignment archwire and if there could be a specific indication for the usage of LLLT according to the amount of dental crowding. They concluded that LLLT was effective in alleviating the intensity and duration of pain experienced by patients after the engagement of alignment archwire. However, there was no specific indication for the usage of LLLT according to the amount of crowding.
Fried et al6 carried out a study to assess the selective removal of dental calculus with a diode-pumped Er:YAG laser. The abstract is reproduced in full.
Selective removal of dental calculus with high precision is best accomplished using lasers operating at high pulse repetition rates focused to a small spot size to limit damage to sound tissues. Conventional flash-lamp pumped Er:YAG lasers are poorly suited for this purpose, but new diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) Er:YAG lasers have become available operating at high pulse repetition rates. The purpose of this study was to determine if image-guided laser ablation can be used to selectively remove calculus from tooth surfaces with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin. A DPSS Er:YAG laser system was used to selectively remove calculus from ten extracted teeth using sequential SWIR images at 1500-1750-nm. The selectivity of removal was assessed using digital microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Calculus was removed with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin.
Alikhasi7 and coworkers carried out a study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) for detecting residual excess zinc oxide (REC) based cement around dental implants. The concluded that the DIAGNOdent could be used to detect REC in the sulcus of cement-retained implant supported restorations.
Chen et al8 carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and the methodological quality of these studies on implants in human clinical trials. They concluded that the existing clinical studies did not provide sufficient evidence to observe positive effects of PBMT on implants in patients.
Pouremadi and coworkers9 published a study aimed to evaluate the effect of 650 nm LLL irradiation on the reduction of complications after advanced implant surgery. Their clinical trial demonstrated reductions of the level of pain, facial swelling and improvements of wound healing were followed by the use of low-level laser therapy.
Gong et al10 evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on multispecies oral caries biofilms composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans. They concluded that PDT showed a significant antimicrobial effect against oral biofilms composed of the three microorganisms, suggesting its potential clinical application for infants with early childhood caries.
Roeykens and coworkers11 carried out a cohort study to document the potential of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) for diagnosing tooth vitality in traumatized teeth. They found that the difference of variability of standard deviation and range of LDF measurements involving intra-subject control teeth was statistically significant in discriminating between vital and non-vital pulps. In non-vital teeth, the diagnostic combination of LDF, sensibility tests and peri-apical X-ray is advised.
Nerushay et al12 carried out a study to evaluate the marginal adaptation of mixed Class V composite restorations in cavities prepared with the Quantum Square Pulse (QSP) mode Er:YAG laser, compared with a Super Short Pulse (SSP) laser and the diamond bur. They found that dentin treated with SSP showed significantly lower percentages of "continuous margin" than the QSP and control groups. QSP was as effective as bur preparation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The preparation and finishing protocol may no longer be necessary when using the QSP mode, reducing clinical time without compromising marginal adaptation.
References
Kornbilt R. The use of the Er:YAG laser in aesthetic dentistry. Laser, International Magazine of Laser Dentistry. Volume 11, issue 1/2019.Aimetti, Mario; Mariani, Giulia Maria; Ferrarotti, Francesco; Ercoli, Elena; Liu, Chun Ching; Romano, Federica. Adjunctive efficacy of diode laser in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis with mechanical therapy: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical oral implants research, 10.1111/clr.13428 2019-Apr-01.Garrido, P R; Pedroni, C F; Cury, D P; Moreira, M S; Rosin, F; Sarra, G; Marques, M M. A Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the extracellular matrix of human dental pulp cell sheets. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, 194 149-157; 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.017 2019-Apr-01Del Vecchio, Alessandro; Floravanti, Miriam; Boccassini, Armando; Gaimari, Gianfranco; Vestri, Annarita; Di Paolo, Carlo; Romeo, Umberto. Evaluation of the efficacy of a new low-level laser therapy home protocol in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder-related pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice, 1-10; 10.1080/08869634.2019.1599174 2019-Apr-19Lo Giudice, Antonino; Nucera, Riccardo; Perillo, Letizia; Paiusco, Alessio; Caccianiga, Gianluigi. Is Low-Level Laser Therapy an Effective Method to Alleviate Pain Induced by Active Orthodontic Alignment Archwire? A Randomized Clinical Trial. The journal of evidence-based dental practice, 19 (1):71-78; 10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.11.001 2019-Mar.Fried, William A; Chan, Kenneth H; Darling, Cynthia L; Fried, Daniel. Selective removal of dental calculus with a diode-pumped Er:YAG laser. Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 10857 10.1117/12.2512937 2019-Feb.Alikhasi, Marzieh; Zadeh, Behnoush Yaghoub; Mansourian, Arash; Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Hanieh. Detection of Residual Excess Zinc Oxide-Based Cement With Laser Fluorescence (DIAGNOdent): In Vitro Evaluation. The Journal of oral implantology, 45 (2):89-93; 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-17-00163 2019-Apr.Chen, Yuan; Liu, Caojie; Chen, Xinlei; Mo, Anchun. Clinical evidence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on implant stability and success: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC oral health, 19 (1):77; 10.1186/s12903-019-0779-4 2019 May 07.Pouremadi, Narges; Motaghi, Arash; Safdari, Roya; Zarean, Paridokht; Rashad, Ashkan; Zarean, Parichehr; Aminy, Shahram. Clinical Outcomes of Low-level Laser Therapy in Management of Advanced Implant Surgery Complications: A Comparative Clinical Study. The journal of contemporary dental practice, 20 (1):78-82; 2019 Jan 01.Gong, Jungeun; Park, Howon; Lee, Juhyun; Seo, Hyunwoo; Lee, Siyoung. Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Multispecies Biofilms, Including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans.
Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery, 37 (5):282-287; 10.1089/photob.2018.4571 2019-May.
Roeykens, Herman J J; De Coster, Peter; Jacquet, Wolfgang; De Moor, Roeland J G. How standard deviation contributes to the validity of a LDF signal: a cohort study of 8years of dental trauma. Lasers in medical science, 10.1007/s10103-019-02791-8 2019-May-16. Nerushay, Izabella; Krejci, Ivo; Ryabova, Anastasia; Bortolotto, Tissiana. Influence of pulse duration when performing Er:YAG laser irradiation on dental tissues. American journal of dentistry, 32 (2):61-68; 2019-Apr.
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