Compiled by Dr Igor Cernavin, Prosthodontist, Honorary Senior Fellow University of Melbourne School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Director and Cofounder of the Asia Pacific Institute of Dental Education and Research (AIDER), Australian representative of World Federation of Laser Dentistry (WFLD).
Tozar et al1 carried out a study to compare the efficacy of partial pulpotomy treatment using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) alone and MTA with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser in permanent immature molars. They concluded that partial pulpotomy treatment showed a high success rate in immature permanent molars and the use of the laser did not contribute to the success rate compared with MTA alone.
Amaroli and coworkers 2 published a study on using simultaneous photoablative and photodynamic 810-nm diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in-vitro and found that it could be a promising therapy against a wide range of bacteria involved in periodontal disease.
Romero et al3 evaluated the bleaching efficacy of laser application with chemical treatment compared with chemical treatment alone and concluded that the use of laser during bleaching treatment did not improve the results compared with not using laser.
Nica and coworkers4 evaluated the effect of laser biomodulation of the alveolar socket healing process of healthy patients using an Epic-X laser diode (Biolase). The Indium-Gallium-Arsenide-Phosphorus (In-Ga-As-P) 940 nm was used in a continuous mode, 0.9 W, 36 J for 80 seconds daily exposure in the first seven days after extraction. They found that laser biomodulation therapy accelerated soft tissue regeneration and bone formation.
Namour et al5 evaluated the efficacy of a laser-assisted elimination of biofilm protocol in the removal of a multi-species biofilm on titanium surfaces. They found that using their protocol, the laser treated surfaces were biofilm free, similar to the sterile ones.
Chellappa and coworkers6 designed a study, the aim of which was to compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) and low-level laser therapy for the treatment of patients with TMD and concluded that the use of laser (LLLT) resulted in significantly better results than those found when using TENS.
Lollobrigida et al7 evaluated the effects of four different mechanical and physical treatments on titanium samples with a moderately rough surface. Air powder abrasion (AP) with glycine powder, a titanium brush (TB) and a diode laser at 3 W (L3) and 4 W (L4) were used. They concluded that air powder abrasion with glycine powder and 3 W diode laser had the lowest impact on surface physicochemical properties.
Bayer and coworkers8 investigated the effects of Ozone Therapy ( OT ) and LLLT on periodontal disease-induced bone destruction in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis (EP). They used 30 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, OT and LLLT. EP was induced by placing a 3.0 silk suture around the cervix of the left mandibular first molar tooth. OT was performed using an ozone generator at 80% concentration. LLLT was applied using a diode laser. Both OT and LLLT were performed for two weeks at two day intervals. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses also were performed. Alveolar bone loss was significantly less in the LLLT group compared with the control group. They found significantly fewer RANKL-positive cells in the OT group compared with the control group. The number of osteoprotegerin (OPG) positive cells was significantly greater for the LLLT group than for the control group. Although both treatments produced positive effects, LLLT appears to be more effective for increasing alveolar bone formation.
Tenore et al9 analyzed the effectiveness of diode laser as a supportive modality to the non-surgical conventional treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM) and initial peri-implantitis (PI). They concluded that the 980-nm diode laser may be considered an adjunct to the conventional non-surgical treatments of PiM and initial PI.
Bakdach and coworkers10 examined the current evidence of effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. They found that whilst it could do so, the evidence was questionable and more studies are needed.
Lobato et al11 published an article to assess the influence of LLLT on implant stability of implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and found that it did not have any influence on the implant stablity.
Mohajerani and coworkers12 designed a study to evaluate the effect of combined use of low-level laser (LLL) and light-emitting diode (LED) therapy on the stability of dental implants during the healing phase and found that it increased the stability after a 9 week follow up.
Li et al13 did a comprehensive search of the literature to assess the effectiveness of laser assisted treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw and found that such treatment may result in considerable improvement of MRONJ.
Schwarz and coworkers14 carried out a retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of 222 consecutive patients with 437 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis and treated with the Laser assisted treatment protocol for Peri-Implantitis and found a survival rate of 94%.
Guler et al15 evaluated the effects of different power densities of diode laser on dental pulps in rats and concluded that the use of diode laser caused changes at the cellular level in histological examination and may induce the formation of tertiary dentin by influencing the secretory activity of odontoblasts.
Fee16 wrote a review of the success of different management of injury to the inferior mandibular nerve during implant placement. It was concluded that low level laser was effective, as well as other forms of management.
Erbil and coworkers17 compared the clinical and immunological results of nonsurgical periodontal treatment with or without the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and found that the laser showed additional improvements in pocket reduction and gingival bleeding.
References
1. Tozar, Kamile Nur; Erkmen Almaz, Merve.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Erbium, Chromium-doped Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet Laser in Partial Pulpotomy in Permanent Immature Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of endodontics Published: 2020-Mar-27 (Epub 2020 Mar 27).
2. Amaroli, Andrea; Barbieri, Ramona; Signore, Antonio; et al. .
Simultaneous photoablative and photodynamic 810-nm diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: an in-vitro study. Minerva stomatologica Volume: 69 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-7.
3. Mendez Romero, Julieta M; Villasanti Torales, Ulises A; Villalba Martinez, Carlos J. American journal of dentistry Volume:33 Issue:2 Pages:79-82
Published: 2020-Apr.
4. :Nica, Diana Florina; Heredea, Elena Rodica; Todea, Darinca Carmen Marilena Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie. Volume:60 Issue:4 Pages:1269-1273. Published: 2019.
5. Namour, Melanie; Verspecht, Tim; El Mobadder, Marwan; et al. Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Published: 2020 Mar 29.
6. Chellappa, Deepika; Thirupathy, Manigandan. Indian journal of dental research official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Pages: 42-47 Published: 2020 Jan-Feb.
7. Lollobrigida, Marco; Fortunato, Lorenzo; Serafini, Giorgio; et al. The Prevention of Implant Surface Alterations in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Comparison of Three Different Mechanical and Physical Treatments. International journal of environmental research and public health Volume: 17 Issue: 8 Published: 2020 Apr 11.
8. Bayer Alinca, S; Saglam, E; Zengin Celik, T; et al. Is low level laser therapy or ozone therapy more effective for bone healing? Understanding the mechanisms of HIF-1alpha, RANKL and OPG. Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission Pages: 1-8 Published: 2020-Apr-15 (Epub 2020 Apr 15).
9. Tenore, Gianluca; Montori, Alessandra; Mohsen, Ahmed; Mattarelli, Giovanni; Palaia, Gaspare; Romeo, Umberto. Evaluation of adjunctive efficacy of diode laser in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers in medical science DOI:10.1007/s10103-020-03009-y Published: 2020-Apr-18 (Epub 2020 Apr 18).
10. Bakdach, Wesam Mhd Mounir; Hadad, Rania .Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. .Dental and medical problems Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Pages: 73-94 Published: 2020 Jan-Mar.
11. ILobato, Renan Pablo Bittencourt; Kinalski, Mateus de Azevedo; Martins, Thiago Marchi; et al. Influence of low-level laser therapy on implant stability in implants placed in fresh extraction sockets: A randomized clinical trial. Clinical implant dentistry and related research Published: 2020-Apr-24 (Epub 2020 Apr 24).
12. Mohajerani, Hassan; Salehi, Abolfazl Mohammad; Tabeie, Faraj; et al . Can Low-Level Laser and Light-Emitting Diode Enhance the Stability of Dental Implants?
Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery Volume: 19 Issue: 2 Pages: 302-306 Published: 2020-Jun (Epub 2019 Mar 29).
13. Li, F-L; Wu, C-B; Sun, H-J; et al. Effectiveness of laser-assisted treatments for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery Volume: 58 Issue: 3 Pages: 256-267 Published: 2020-Apr (Epub 2020 Jan 08).
14. Schwarz, Gary M; Harris, David M. Laser-assisted treatment of peri-implantitis: a retrospective cohort study. General dentistry Volume: 68 Issue: 3 Pages: 18-25 Published: 2020 May-Jun.
15. Guler, C; Alan, H; Demir, P; et al. Effects of diode laser irradiation on dental pulps in rats. Bratislavske lekarske listy Volume: 121 Issue: 4 Pages: 293-296 Published: 2020
16. Fee, LM. Success of surgical interventions for direct dental implant-related injuries to the mandibular nerve: a review. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery Published: 2020-May-11 (Epub 2020 May 11).
17. Erbil, Deniz; Nazaroglu, Kenan; Baser, Ulku; et al. Clinical and Immunological Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery Volume: 38 Issue: 5 Pages: 316-322 Published: 2020-May.